Working Papers

The WNE Working Papers series has been published by the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the University of Warsaw since 2008.

The WNE Working Papers series provides a fast, open channel for disseminating research conducted at the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw. The papers hosted here are working versions (pre-prints) and may evolve as authors refine their analyses, incorporate feedback, or progress through formal peer-review. What you read is the current version released by the authors, timestamped and assigned DOI/ISSN identifiers to ensure precise citation and version tracking. Copyright remains with the authors, who may, at any time, upload a revised file or add a note directing readers to a later, peer-reviewed publication.

The Working Papers series accepts articles by research employees of the Faculty and publications from conferences organised at the Faculty of Economic Sciences at the University of Warsaw. Articles should be original research papers which have not been previously published, on the subject of economics.

Please send your paper by e-mail: z.%`u!3_je\HVC?JIBk{+TpWv7#]#[rxtL_nuPLVB7JZ35#Kas56UM!'r 

Please send 2 files:

(1) the main text without the title of the article and the authors (DOC/DOCX file) and

(2) the title page including: the title of the paper, the authors and their affiliation (DOC/DOCX file).

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Number of Results 10

WP(24/2022)400. Farmers' risk preferences in eleven European farming systems: A multi-country replication of Bocquého et al. (2014)

Authors: Rommel Jens, Sagebiel Julian, Baaken Marieke Cornelia, Barreiro-Hurlé Jesús, Bougherara Douadia, Cembalo Luigi, Cerjak Marija, Čop Tajana, Czajkowski Mikołaj, Espinosa-Goded María, Höhler Julia, Kuhfuss Laure, Lagerkvist Carl-Johan, Lapierre Margaux, Lefebvre Marianne, Matzdorf Bettina, Ott Edward, Paparella Antonio, Quendler Erika, Rodriguez-Entrena Macario, SchulzeChristoph, ŠumradaTanja, Tensi Annika, Thoyer Sophie, Tomić Maksan Marina, Vecchio Riccardo, Willinger Marc, Zagórska Katarzyna
We replicate Bocquého et al. (2014), who used multiple price lists to investigate risk preferences of 107 French farmers. We collect new data from 1,430 participants in eleven European farming systems. In agreement with the original study, far…

WP400. Farmers' risk preferences in eleven European farming systems: A multi-country replication of Bocquého et al. (2014)

We replicate Bocquého et al. (2014), who used multiple price lists to investigate risk preferences of 107 French farmers. We collect new data from 1,430 participants in eleven European farming systems. In agreement with the original study, farmers’ risk preferences are best described by Cumulative Prospect Theory. Structural model estimates show that farmers in the new samples are, on average, less loss averse and more susceptible to probability distortion than in the original study. Explorative analyses indicate differences between estimation approaches, as well as heterogeneity between and within samples. We discuss challenges in replications of economic experiments with farmers across farming contexts.


Rommel Jens, Sagebiel Julian, Baaken Marieke Cornelia, Barreiro-Hurlé Jesús, Bougherara Douadia, Cembalo Luigi, Cerjak Marija, Čop Tajana, Czajkowski Mikołaj, Espinosa-Goded María, Höhler Julia, Kuhfuss Laure, Lagerkvist Carl-Johan, Lapierre Margaux, Lefebvre Marianne, Matzdorf Bettina, Ott Edward, Paparella Antonio, Quendler Erika, Rodriguez-Entrena Macario, SchulzeChristoph, ŠumradaTanja, Tensi Annika, Thoyer Sophie, Tomić Maksan Marina, Vecchio Riccardo, Willinger Marc, Zagórska Katarzyna
Risk Attitudes Agriculture Cumulative Prospect Theory Expected Utility Theory Artefactual Field Experiment

WP(20/2021)368. Does the framing affect the WTP for consumption goods in realistic shopping settings?

Authors: Brzozowicz Magdalena
In this study, I examined the influence of the framing effect on the valuation of consumption goods in realistic shopping settings. In four field experiments comprising 1602 shopping center customers as participants, I elicited willingness to pay (WT…

WP368. Does the framing affect the WTP for consumption goods in realistic shopping settings?

In this study, I examined the influence of the framing effect on the valuation of consumption goods in realistic shopping settings. In four field experiments comprising 1602 shopping center customers as participants, I elicited willingness to pay (WTP) for consumer products by manipulating framing conditions (positive vs. negative framing). Although my four experiments involved two different types of products (durable vs. fast-moving), two different types of framing (attribute vs. goal) and two different valuation procedures (hypothetical vs. consequential), their results were remarkably consistent. I observed that the framing effect had no impact on WTP for the presented products. In the light of both this study and the existing literature, I suspect that the framing effect is more likely to appear in solely hypothetical judgement and assessment tasks than in the context of eliciting consumer WTP.


Brzozowicz Magdalena
framing effect field experiment willingness to pay WTP

WP(43/2015)191. Gender, beauty and support networks in academia: evidence from a field experiment

Authors: Smyk Magdalena, Krawczyk Michał
Bibliometric studies show that male academics are more productive than their female counterparts and that the gap cannot be explained in terms of difference in abilities. In this project we wish to verify the hypothesis that this tendency is related …

WP191. Gender, beauty and support networks in academia: evidence from a field experiment

Bibliometric studies show that male academics are more productive than their female counterparts and that the gap cannot be explained in terms of difference in abilities. In this project we wish to verify the hypothesis that this tendency is related to the greater support that men receive from their colleagues (“old boys network”). Towards this end we had e-mails sent by a male or female student asking academics for a minor favour. In Study 1 we asked authors of nearly 300 papers in experimental economics to share the raw data used in their study. We observed no difference in response rate or compliance rate between male and female senders. In Study 2 we sent 2775 e-mails to academics affiliated with prestigious schools from ten different fields , asking to either send us a copy of their recent article or meet the sender supposedly interested in pursuing a PhD program. Once again we manipulated gender of the senders but this time we also varied their physical attractiveness. We found a small but significant difference in the Article Treatment: attractive females’ requests were honoured less often. No such tendency was found in the Meeting Treatment and no general gender effect was observed. Overall, we find very little support for the claim that early-stage male researchers enjoy greater support than their female colleagues.


Smyk Magdalena, Krawczyk Michał
gender beauty women in academia field experiment

WP(31/2015)179. Addressing empirical challenges related to the incentive compatibility of stated preference methods

Authors: Czajkowski Mikołaj, Vossler Christian A., Budziński Wiktor, Wiśniewska Aleksandra, Zawojska Ewa
An emerging theoretical literature focused on the incentive compatibility of stated preference surveys offers a new lens through which to view extant evidence on external validity, and provides guidance for practitioners. However, critical theoretica…

WP179. Addressing empirical challenges related to the incentive compatibility of stated preference methods

An emerging theoretical literature focused on the incentive compatibility of stated preference surveys offers a new lens through which to view extant evidence on external validity, and provides guidance for practitioners. However, critical theoretical assumptions rest on latent respondent beliefs, such as the belief that respondents view surveys as potentially influencing policy (i.e., policy consequentiality), which gives rise to pressing empirical challenges. In this study, we develop a Hybrid Mixed Logit model capable of integrating multiple latent beliefs, and subjective measures of these beliefs, into discrete choice models of stated preferences. Further, we provide a split-sample test of the effects of exogenous information signals related to policy consequentiality. Our results suggest some potential for researchers to induce desired beliefs through simple information signals and, importantly, that latent beliefs and information signals significantly influence elicited willingness to pay.


Czajkowski Mikołaj, Vossler Christian A., Budziński Wiktor, Wiśniewska Aleksandra, Zawojska Ewa
discrete choice experiment stated preferences consequentiality field experiment hybrid mixed logit model

WP(23/2014)140. Internet piracy and book sales: a field experiment

Authors: Hardy Wojciech, Krawczyk Michał, Tyrowicz Joanna
We report the results of an experimental study analyzing the effects of Internet piracy on book sales. We conducted a year-long controlled large-scale field experiment with pre-treatment pair matching. Half of the book titles received experimental tr…

WP140. Internet piracy and book sales: a field experiment

We report the results of an experimental study analyzing the effects of Internet piracy on book sales. We conducted a year-long controlled large-scale field experiment with pre-treatment pair matching. Half of the book titles received experimental treatment, in which a specialized agency would immediately remove any unauthorized copy appearing on the Internet. For the other half we merely registered such occurrences, but no countermeasures were taken. For all the titles we obtained print and e-book sales statistics from the publishers. We find that removal of unauthorized copies was an effective method of curbing piracy, but this had no bearing on legal sales.


Hardy Wojciech, Krawczyk Michał, Tyrowicz Joanna
digital piracy e-books field experiment

WP(9/2014)126. Happy-go-lucky. Positive emotions boost demand for lotto.

Authors: Halicka Zuzanna, Krawczyk Michał
The objective of this work was to investigate whether situational emotions can influence consumers? decision to purchase lottery tickets. We conducted a field experiment in which positive or negative emotions were induced immediately prior to such a …

WP126. Happy-go-lucky. Positive emotions boost demand for lotto.

The objective of this work was to investigate whether situational emotions can influence consumers? decision to purchase lottery tickets. We conducted a field experiment in which positive or negative emotions were induced immediately prior to such a decision in 685 subjects unaware of their participation in a study. Two methods of induction?gambling related and gambling unrelated?were used to verify the robustness of the results. We found that subjects in whom positive emotions were induced, in both gambling and non-gambling contexts, bought lottery tickets significantly more often than subjects with negative emotions or those in the control group.


Halicka Zuzanna, Krawczyk Michał
decision making lotteries induced emotions gambling-related cues field experiment

WP(30/2013)115. The Value of Familiarity: Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good

Authors: LaRiviere Jacob, Czajkowski Mikołaj, Hanley Nick, Aanesen Margrethe, Falk-Petersen Jannike, Tinch Dugald
This paper compares how increases in experience versus increases in knowledge about a public good affect willingness to pay (WTP) for its provision. This is challenging because while consumers are often certain about their previous experiences with a…

WP115. The Value of Familiarity: Effects of Experience, Knowledge and Signals on Willingness to Pay for a Public Good

This paper compares how increases in experience versus increases in knowledge about a public good affect willingness to pay (WTP) for its provision. This is challenging because while consumers are often certain about their previous experiences with a good, they may be uncertain about the accuracy of their knowledge. We therefore design and conduct a field experiment in which treated subjects receive a precise and objective signal regarding their knowledge about a public good before estimating their WTP for it. Using data for two different public goods, we show qualitative equivalence of the effect of knowledge and experience on valuation for a public good. Surprisingly, though, we find that the causal effect of objective signals about the accuracy of a subject's knowledge for a public good can dramatically affect their valuation for it: treatment causes an increase of $150-$200 in WTP for well-informed individuals. We find no such effect for less informed subjects. Our results imply that WTP estimates for public goods are not only a function of true information states of the respondents but beliefs about those information states.


LaRiviere Jacob, Czajkowski Mikołaj, Hanley Nick, Aanesen Margrethe, Falk-Petersen Jannike, Tinch Dugald
Information Beliefs Field Experiment Valuation Uncertainty Choice Experiment

WP(9/2012)75. Sex, morals and exam cheating

Authors: Krawczyk Michał
This paper reports a field experiment investigating effectiveness of moral appeal in discouraging exam cheating. Substantial level of cheating was identified using an index of test answers similarity, contrasted with low self-reports. The treatment m…

WP75. Sex, morals and exam cheating

This paper reports a field experiment investigating effectiveness of moral appeal in discouraging exam cheating. Substantial level of cheating was identified using an index of test answers similarity, contrasted with low self-reports. The treatment manipulation made an impact on self-reported but not observed frequency of cheating. Hypothesized gender difference, whereby males took but not gave more illicit information than females was also found.


Krawczyk Michał
exam cheating moral appeal gender differences field experiments

WP(14/2011)54. Framing in the field. A simple experiment on the reflection effect

Authors: Krawczyk Michał
This study makes use of an unusual opportunity to manipulate framing of a simple decision under uncertainty: whether or not to answer an exam question when unsure which answer is correct and a missing response is scored higher than an incorrect one. …

WP54. Framing in the field. A simple experiment on the reflection effect

This study makes use of an unusual opportunity to manipulate framing of a simple decision under uncertainty: whether or not to answer an exam question when unsure which answer is correct and a missing response is scored higher than an incorrect one. Two treatments were compared in a natural field experiment: one in which the decision was framed in terms of losses, and the other - in terms of gains. Some alternative theories of decision making under risk, notably prospect theory, propose that individuals display reflection effect, i.e. tend to be more risk-seeking in losses than gains. No such evidence was found: subjects were generally risk-averse and this disposition was not affected by treatment.


Krawczyk Michał
framing reflection effect field experiments

WP(13/2011)53. To answer or not to answer? A field test of loss aversion

Authors: Krawczyk Michał
This study is a field experiment on loss aversion. The framing of scoring rules was differentiated in two exams at the University of Warsaw, with only half the students facing explicit penalty points in the case of giving an incorrect answer. Loss av…

WP53. To answer or not to answer? A field test of loss aversion

This study is a field experiment on loss aversion. The framing of scoring rules was differentiated in two exams at the University of Warsaw, with only half the students facing explicit penalty points in the case of giving an incorrect answer. Loss aversion predicts that less risk will be taken (less questions will be answered) when losses are possible but in fact, no treatment effect was observed.


Krawczyk Michał
loss aversion framing field experiments gender differences
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