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Projekty badawcze





Wyświetleń 21 do 30 (178 Razem)

Perception of and compliance with constitutions in post-socialist countries - an economic perspective

UMO-2022/45/B/HS4/04250 - OPUS

Początek: 2023-05-04, Koniec: 2025-05-03
Wartość projektu: 533 872,00 PLN

Perception of and compliance with constitutions in post-socialist countries - an economic perspective

UMO-2022/45/B/HS4/04250 - OPUS

Do countries, in which the rules laid down in their constitutions are not followed in practice, suffer economic or political consequences? What are the determinants of the degree, to which constitutions are not complied with? Is citizen’s perception of the constitution a significant factor in this respect? In this project we aim to provide the answers to these questions based on the cross -disciplinary research program of constitutional economics.

We focus on post-socialist countries of Europe and Asia, which faced the need to introduce new constitutional frameworks to allow for systemic changes after 1989. While existing research confirms that various aspects of the new post-socialist constitutions, such as the rules concerning the structure of power, protection of rights, or constitutional court indepencence, were significant for the progress in economic transition in these countries, most recently many of them have been experiencing democratic backsliding, as well as constitutional crises resulting from government actors failing to comply with the constitution. What factors can explain why we observe increased levels of constitutional noncompliance in these countries and what consequences could these developments have?

Research in this project is conducted at two levels of analysis.

At the level of countries, we study, firstly, whether the discrepancy between formal (de jure) provisions written down in legal acts called constitutions and de facto constitutional practice in post-socialist countries of Europe and Asia, lead to any adverse economic or political consequences, such as weakened economic performance, backlashes in economic reforms, deterioration of trust in government, increase in political corruption, etc.

Secondly, we ask about the factors that affected the different levels of constitutional (non)compliance in these countries. We expect that choices of the crucial government actors on whether to comply with the constitution, or not, depend on the content/structure of the constitution, as well as factors relating to the conditions in which a constitution operates (such as constitutional history, its geographical/climate conditions, shared values and norms, trust within the society, etc.).

Given that the results of a first serious attempt to measure the compliance with constitutions on the country level for the global sample –the Comparative Constitutional Compliance

Database – have just become available, in the empirical part of the project we use quantitative tools of econometric analysis to answer these questions and to verify our expectations for a pool of up to 28 post-socialist countries in the period 1993-2020.

In the second area of the project, we ask whether the emergence of the gap between constitution text and de facto constitutional practice in post-socialist countries of Europe and Asia could, at least in part, be due to the fact that citizens do not value constitutional rules and do not disapprove actions that violate them. In other words, we study public perception of constitutions in these countries at the individual level and its relationship with constitutional (non)compliance. Several detailed questions concerning e.g. whether people value constitutional rules more than statutory and supranational rules, do people differ in the valuation of different constitutional rules, does it matter whether constitutions are violated by ideologically close or distant governments, etc., are addressed in an innovative online survey experiment conducted for representative population samples of 5 post-socialist countries (and 2 other European countries as a comparison group).

 


Career consequences of work-family reconciliation policy measures introduced in the EU Work-Life Balance Directive

WNEI.3.9/001/2023 - IDUB

Kierownik: Matysiak Anna, Opiekun: Wielgopolan Anna
Początek: 2024-05-01, Koniec: 2025-04-30
Wartość projektu: 80 000,00 PLN

Career consequences of work-family reconciliation policy measures introduced in the EU Work-Life Balance Directive

WNEI.3.9/001/2023 - IDUB

The aim of this project is to study the impact of parental leaves and flexible working arrangements on workers’ career prospects from a gender perspective. We will investigate how the parental leave uptake and its length as well as the willingness to use flexible working arrangements, such as working from home, impact the hiring and pay opportunities of mothers and fathers. Furthermore, we will analyse potential reasons for differential treatment of mothers and fathers that make use of leaves and work from home by revealing how they are perceived by employers in terms of their work commitment and reliability. Our study will be situated in Poland, a country where the use of parental leaves by fathers is notably low, and the traditional gender role attitudes, where women continue to bear a greater share of childcare responsibilities than men, are widespread. 
The results of our project will help to understand the potential reasons why fathers in Poland may not want to make use of parental leaves and flexible working arrangements by exploring the career penalties related to them. We will also reveal whether parental leaves carry the same career penalties as the use of flexible work arrangements such as home-based work, taking into account their different effect for men and for women. In this project, we will thus tackle important issues that call for research attention following the recent implementation of the EU’s Work-life Balance Directive, which aims to improve families' access to family leave and flexible work arrangements. The introduction of the Directive in Poland has granted fathers nine weeks of non-transferable parental leave, in addition to two weeks of paternity leave that is intended primarily for men. The Directive has also introduced the possibility of requesting flexible working for parents of children up to eight years old. These changes have been introduced in an effort to facilitate work-family reconciliation for employees with parental responsibilities, but their relative impact on parents’ work careers is not clear, especially among fathers. Our research will thus address critical and timely issues that are vital for addressing gender and parent-related inequalities in the labour market.


Effects of globalization and financial inclusion on energy intensity

UMO-2022/45/P/HS4/00572 - POLONEZ BIS

Początek: 2023-04-01, Koniec: 2025-03-31
Wartość projektu: 740 568,00 PLN

Effects of globalization and financial inclusion on energy intensity

UMO-2022/45/P/HS4/00572 - POLONEZ BIS

Across the global world, energy efficiency-related issues have become a center of discussion and attention for policymakers and researchers for the last 30 years. The economic interests of all countries are being affected by the efficient use of energy because it unleashes inevitable and incredible effects on energy, economic, social and environmental, and national security. Among the global energy preferences, energy consumption reduction and energy efficiency improvement gained much importance in present times where the green economy and sustainable development have become a common slogans across the economic world. Energy intensity is a measure that is often used to assess the energy efficiency of a particular economy. This study will examine the impact of economic growth, globalization, financial inclusion, and energy prices on energy intensity. For this purpose, three different models will be investigated. This study will use emerging countries' data for empirical analysis from 1990 to 2019. Moreover, second-generation unit root tests, Pesaran and Yamagata (2008) test for slope heterogeneity, and Westerlund (2007) bootstrap cointegration method will be used to investigate stationary properties, heterogeneity, and cointegration, respectively. This study will estimate long-run elasticities using continuously-updated and fully-modified (Cup-FM) and continuously updated bias-corrected (Cup-BC) approaches. For robustness, panel quantile regression will be used.


Utilizing stated-preference based valuation methods for cultural heritage management: conservation vs.adaptive re-use of immovable objects

UMO-2021/41/N/HS4/04321 - PRELUDIUM

Kierownik: Jusypenko Bartosz, Opiekun: Wielgopolan Anna
Początek: 2022-02-01, Koniec: 2025-01-31
Wartość projektu: 168 604,00 PLN

Utilizing stated-preference based valuation methods for cultural heritage management: conservation vs.adaptive re-use of immovable objects

UMO-2021/41/N/HS4/04321 - PRELUDIUM

This research project focuses on the exponentially growing number of immovable cultural heritage objects facing the threat of demolition or neglect. Given the financial constraints, passive protection (conservation or renovation) of some facilities might prove to be unjustifiable or impossible to ensure. Hence, adaptive re-use may be the only opportunity to preserve them. This controversial compromise between socially desirable option and conservation issues assuming minimal architectural interventions makes heritage management more complex in terms of decision making.

The theory of economics has developed several methods that, under certain conditions, could become a helpful and adequate tool for those responsible for shaping cultural policies.

The general objective of this research is to learn consumers’ preferences towards management of immovable heritage objects such as buildings of high architectural or historical importance. Social benefits from both passive conservation and the adaptive-re-use programs, together with potential changes in attributes related to these programs, will be estimated and demonstrated in quantitative terms. The analysis will concern stated preferences (SP) of visitors (direct users of heritage objects) and non-visitors (those who gain only passive-use benefits). Further research also aims to test
the transferability of the estimated values between different regions and objects, leading to a more justifiable fund allocation.
The project will propose a novel approach to non-market valuation of cultural heritage expected to fill the research gap identified through our thorough literature review. Results will provide an empirical and methodological contribution to cultural economics, which is fledgeling to elucidate valuation guidelines, and its role in shaping cultural policies has been diminished so far.


The monitoring of innovation performance of firms and regulatory impact assessment: developing tools to support economic policy

GOSPOSTRATEG-VI/0029/2021-00 - GOSPOSTRATEG

Początek: 2022-02-01, Koniec: 2025-01-31
Wartość projektu: 2 847 680,00 PLN

The monitoring of innovation performance of firms and regulatory impact assessment: developing tools to support economic policy

GOSPOSTRATEG-VI/0029/2021-00 - GOSPOSTRATEG

The project involves the development and testing of a range of analytical tools that can be used in the design and correction of economic policy, especially tax policy in its broadest sense. For each of the thematic areas - the impact of tax credits and reporting obligations on innovation, the transfer of profits abroad, the spillover effects of foreign firms, the start-up of economic activity by individuals and the legal form of this activity, the innovativeness of micro-enterprises, the balance of payments methodology - a similar methodological scheme will be used.

The first stage will be a literature review and/or preparation of databases for the project. In the project it is foreseen to use, in the form of individual or processed data, the following CSO data sets: Household Budget Survey (BBGD), Report on Research and Development Activities (PNT-01), Report on Innovations in Industry (PNT-02) and Services (PNT-02/u), Report on Business Activities of Enterprises (SP-3).

In the part of basic research devoted to the literature review, meta-analysis will be applied (statistical analysis of the stability of results obtained in the literature, cf. Borenstein et al. 2021). This will make it possible to prepare 2 diagnoses and an operational document - a methodological report with recommendations for the preparation of balance sheet components crucial for measuring the scale of profit-shifting. 

 


Accuracy of travel cost method in non-market valuation of public goods

UMO-2020/37/B/HS4/01517 - OPUS

Kierownik: Zawojska Ewa, Opiekun: Cedro Monika
Początek: 2021-01-14, Koniec: 2025-01-13
Wartość projektu: 525 660,00 PLN

Accuracy of travel cost method in non-market valuation of public goods

UMO-2020/37/B/HS4/01517 - OPUS

Public goods, for example, parks such as Pieniny National Park, monuments such as those in Łazienki Park in Warsaw, and cultural sites such as UNESCO-listed wooden tserkvas of the Carpathian region, bring benefits to society, but also generate costs (e.g., maintenance). Understanding how valuable these goods are to people is important for determining how much money governments should spend on their provision. The values, expressed in money, that public goods provide to society inform what quantities and characteristics of public goods are most desired. For example, they can reveal whether people like a nearby park being developed with more hiking or biking trails. The challenging task, however, is to calculate the values that public goods deliver in monetary terms. For many goods, price can help estimate their value. But public goods are not bought or sold in markets (they are so-called non-market goods), so they do not have prices that could be used for
determining their value. This leads to challenges in understanding the benefits people receive from public goods.
Economists have developed several methods for estimating the value of goods that are not traded in markets, such as public goods. Among them, the travel cost method is one of the most popular approaches. The main idea behind this method is that to access public goods, people travel and need to bear the costs of the travel. These costs include various out of pocket expenses, such as the cost of gas and wear and tear on the vehicle, as well as the cost of time spent on the travel, among others. A person will decide for a travel to a site only if the benefits from accessing the site are at least as great as the costs. In the travel cost method, we use the travel cost information in a behavioral model to estimate what value people gain from visiting a site, which is linked
to a public good. For example, if someone travels past a park with a dirty lake to visit a nearly identical park with a clean lake, this may suggest that a clean lake is more valuable. The increase in the costs because of travelling to the clean lake can be used to value a better lake water quality to people. While travel cost studies have been used in policy contexts around the world, hardly any research has examined if the travel cost value estimates are accurate--if they measure well the actual value. This project aims at filling this research gap. The novel contribution of this project to the existing knowledge will be a comprehensive and systematic assessment of the accuracy of value estimates derived from the travel cost method. The fundamental research question is: does the travel cost method deliver accurate estimates of the value of public goods?
The accuracy will be examined along two aspects—reliability and validity. Reliability assessments measure whether the value estimate is precise or imprecise. Validity assessments inform whether the value estimate is biased or unbiased in any systematic way, such as always overestimating or underestimating the true value. In the face of paucity of scientific work in this area, we will develop a novel framework and tools for assessing the accuracy of travel cost value estimates and apply them to empirical studies. This way, the project will address an essential research gap in the existing literature on valuation of public goods.
 


Modelowanie i prognozowanie lokalizacji firm w kontekście korzyści gęstości. Ujęcie teoretyczne, metodologiczne i empiryczne wykorzystujące ekonometrię przestrzenną i przestrzenne uczenie maszynowe.

UMO-2021\/41\/B\/HS4\/00285 - OPUS

Początek: 2022-01-10, Koniec: 2025-01-09
Wartość projektu: 399 500,00 PLN

Modelowanie i prognozowanie lokalizacji firm w kontekście korzyści gęstości. Ujęcie teoretyczne, metodologiczne i empiryczne wykorzystujące ekonometrię przestrzenną i przestrzenne uczenie maszynowe.

UMO-2021\/41\/B\/HS4\/00285 - OPUS

This is a comprehensive project anchored around problems of spatial location in economics. It considers local density (of business, population etc.) as an important factor of a decision where to locate. It covers three scientific aspects:

  1. methodology of modelling business location with regard to density,
  2. economic theory of location focused on density,
  3. empirical analysis to predict business locations (from different sectors) due to density – generating a map of territorial potential for a given area.

Project is to answer the intuitive observation that the density of business location and residents creates a feedback loop - it is the cause and effect of location decisions in the economy. It is natural that agricultural businesses are located in peripheral areas (i.e. with a lower density of firms) and knowledge-intensive firms in central areas (i.e. with higher density). It is also clear that the closest neighbour in a large city is within a radius of e.g. 1-3 km, but outside the city, the radius will be much broader. It is a bit less evident whether companies, e.g. from the trade and brokerage sector attract or repulse their locations and what is the sectoral composition of their surroundings. It is also not intuitive whether companies from the processing sector prefer to be located in e.g a medium-sized city far from the highway or in a small town near the highway. One can intuitively assume that the characteristics of companies located in high-density areas are different from those in low-density areas. Many such questions can be asked - also for investments and prices on the real estate market, population movement, and, consequently, for the labour market and many others.


Rozwój czasopism naukowych - Central European Economic Journal

RCN/SP/0369/2021/1 - MEiN

Kierownik: Gabryelczyk Renata, Opiekun: Wielgopolan Anna
Początek: 2022-12-12, Koniec: 2024-12-11
Wartość projektu: 40 475,00 PLN

Rozwój czasopism naukowych - Central European Economic Journal

RCN/SP/0369/2021/1 - MEiN

Central European Economic Journal publishes original theoretical and empirical research papers in the field of economics as well as at the intersection of economics and sociology, demography, political science, law and management. The journal accepts papers which fall under (but are not restricted to) the following research areas: macro- and microeconomics, labour market research, international trade, population studies, public sector economics, public policies, health, gender, ecological economics, finance, accounting, managerial economics. CEEJ addresses the broad international community, but especially welcomes papers which focus on socio-economic problems relevant for Central and Eastern Europe, including the European transition countries.

The main objective  is to meet all the formal requirements necessary for the evaluation of the Central European Economic Journal (CEEJ) in the databases Web of Science (Emerging Sources Citation Index - ESCI) and Scopus and to submit the journal for indexing in these databases.


Economic methods for evaluating the energy-efficiency policies across Europe: structural models of adoption and counterfactual analysis

UMO-2021/43/P/HS4/03115 - POLONEZ BIS

Początek: 2022-11-01, Koniec: 2024-10-31
Wartość projektu: 992 988,00 PLN

Economic methods for evaluating the energy-efficiency policies across Europe: structural models of adoption and counterfactual analysis

UMO-2021/43/P/HS4/03115 - POLONEZ BIS

In light of the urgency to fight climate change, the European Union (EU) aims to become carbon neutral by the middle of this century. This objective is supported by a number of actions gathered recently under the umbrella of the European Green Deal policy package. The EC implementation plan states that this legislative framework aims to (i) boost energy efficiency and eco-design of products, (ii) empower consumers and help EU countries to tackle energy poverty, and (iii) develop the full potential of Europe’s offshore wind energy.

The Energy Labeling Regulation and the Ecodesign Directive are at the forefront of the EU efforts to reduce the end -use energy consumption of household appliances and industrial machines sold in the EU market. The former instrument requires that the product carries a label that, among other product information, discloses its energy efficiency level. The latter instrument requires manufacturers of certain household and industrial energy -using products to comply with a minimum level of energy efficiency for the products they sell in the EU markets, essentially banning from the market products that have efficiency values below a certain threshold. Additionally, energy efficiency related building standards are among the most common policy tools that have been used by European countries over the last forty years.

These regulations are of remarkable importance in light of the fact that end -use energy efficiency could save about 35% of the global CO2 emissions, under the scenario of an almost triple world GDP by 2050.

At the same time, at the EU level, household appliances contribute nearly 25% to the total energy consumption, with obvious effects on GHG emissions . Therefore, in this project we focus on the adoption of energy efficient technologies by households, as well as design and evaluation of policies to improve diffusion of these technologies, are important areas which warrant further study.

In this project, use structural economic models to explore the demand for household appliances in the EU, with a special focus on the CEE Member States.

The methods that we want to develop and extend can be used to assess consumer benefits/costs associated with the introduction of, for example, minimum quality standards by comparing valuations of consumers over time facing choice sets that differ due to regulations. They can also inform about the effectiveness of labeling policies, as this can be viewed as an

additional product characteristic. More importantly, such models can be used for designing tax and subsidy policies to accelerate the shift towards energy -efficient technologies. The proposed project has as its main goal to develop methods to enhance policy design. By focusing on mechanisms which can improve adoption of energy-efficient technologies, the methods we will develop and enhance will allow policy makers to design not only sound policies but also ensure that they will induce the desired responses from various stakeholders. Therefore, the outputs of our project will directly

have implications for combating climate change. Although it may take time until societal contributions of the proposed project to materialize, we believe that our work eventually will have a significant social impact.


Analiza determinant przetrwania startupów technologicznych - czynniki przestrzenne i interakcje

022/DIA/2020/49 - DIAMENTOWY GRANT

Kierownik: Kubara Maria, Opiekun: Lewandowska Magdalena
Początek: 2020-10-14, Koniec: 2024-10-13
Wartość projektu: 179 570,00 PLN

Analiza determinant przetrwania startupów technologicznych - czynniki przestrzenne i interakcje

022/DIA/2020/49 - DIAMENTOWY GRANT

Celem naukowym projektu jest dokonanie analizy czynników sukcesu startupów
technologicznych, szczególnie w kontekście wpływu lokalizacji na przetrwanie firmy. Proponowane
badanie ma swoje podstawy w teoriach lokalizacyjnych przedsiębiorstw (teoria klasyczna,
behawioralna, Nowa Geografia Ekonomiczna) oraz w stosunkowo nowych podejściach teorii
ewolucyjnej i ko-ewolucyjnej. Przeprowadzona analiza będzie również dotykać najważniejszych
obecnie obszarów badawczych w dziedzinie regionalistyki –budowanie metodologii dla badań w
obszarach miejskich, ekonometryczne modelowanie przestrzenne, badania lokalizacji aktywności
ekonomicznej i innowacji, połączenie big data i regionalistyki. Proponowane badanie będzie dotyczyć
przede wszystkim szeroko zakrojonej problematyki ekosystemów przedsiębiorczych startupów
(entrepreneurial ecosystems) – jednego z najnowszych tematów badawczych, pojawiających się na
najważniejszych konferencjach regionalistów.


Wyświetleń 21 do 30 (178 Razem)